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2 - Australia in the global economy in the 1980s
- from Part 1 - Australia and the World
- Edited by Australian Institute of International Affairs, P. J. Boyce, University of Western Australia, Perth, J. R. Angel, University of Sydney
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- Book:
- Australia in World Affairs 1981–1990
- Published online:
- 29 March 2024, pp 30-50
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Summary
For the Australian economy, the 1980s were different from other decades. Many of the major differences between the 1980s and other decades reflected, or were reflected in, the Australian economy’s links with the global economy. Particularly important during the 1980s were the responses to structural changes taking place in the global economy that were a result of increasing economic interrelationships across national borders. This chapter examines these changes from three aspects. First, it describes briefly what happened to the Australian economy in its international dimensions during the decade; second, it analyses the major changes in the international economy that affected Australia; and third, it examines Australia’s response to these developments.
A Geographical Analysis of Access to Trauma Centers from US National Parks in 2018
- Lily Y. Lu, Sabrina N. Robichaud, Krislyn M. Boggs, Brandon R. Bedell, Rebecca E. Cash, Ashley F. Sullivan, N. Stuart Harris, Carlos A. Camargo, Jr.
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 37 / Issue 6 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 October 2022, pp. 794-799
- Print publication:
- December 2022
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Introduction:
Millions of people visit US national parks annually to engage in recreational wilderness activities, which can occasionally result in traumatic injuries that require timely, high-level care. However, no study to date has specifically examined timely access to trauma centers from national parks. This study aimed to examine the accessibility of trauma care from national parks by calculating the travel time by ground and air from each park to its nearest trauma center. Using these calculations, the percentage of parks by census region with timely access to a trauma center was determined.
Methods:This was a cross-sectional study analyzing travel times by ground and air transport between national parks and their closest adult advanced trauma center (ATC) in 2018. A list of parks was compiled from the National Parks Service (NPS) website, and the location of trauma centers from the 2018 National Emergency Department Inventory (NEDI)-USA database. Ground and air transport times were calculated using Google Maps and ArcGIS, with medians and interquartile ranges reported by US census region. Percentage of parks by region with timely trauma center access—defined as access within 60 minutes of travel time—were determined based on these calculated travel times.
Results:In 2018, 83% of national parks had access to an adult ATC within 60 minutes of air travel, while only 26% had timely access by ground. Trauma center access varied by region, with median travel times highest in the West for both air and ground transport. At a national level, national parks were unequally distributed, with the West housing the most parks of all regions.
Conclusion:While most national parks had timely access to a trauma center by air travel, significant gaps in access remain for ground, the extent of which varies greatly by region. To improve the accessibility of trauma center expertise from national parks, the study highlights the potential that increased implementation of trauma telehealth in emergency departments (EDs) may have in bridging these gaps.
A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom
- Part of
- Colin N. Danson, Malcolm White, John R. M. Barr, Thomas Bett, Peter Blyth, David Bowley, Ceri Brenner, Robert J. Collins, Neal Croxford, A. E. Bucker Dangor, Laurence Devereux, Peter E. Dyer, Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw, Christopher B. Edwards, Paul Ewart, Allister I. Ferguson, John M. Girkin, Denis R. Hall, David C. Hanna, Wayne Harris, David I. Hillier, Christopher J. Hooker, Simon M. Hooker, Nicholas Hopps, Janet Hull, David Hunt, Dino A. Jaroszynski, Mark Kempenaars, Helmut Kessler, Sir Peter L. Knight, Steve Knight, Adrian Knowles, Ciaran L. S. Lewis, Ken S. Lipton, Abby Littlechild, John Littlechild, Peter Maggs, Graeme P. A. Malcolm, OBE, Stuart P. D. Mangles, William Martin, Paul McKenna, Richard O. Moore, Clive Morrison, Zulfikar Najmudin, David Neely, Geoff H. C. New, Michael J. Norman, Ted Paine, Anthony W. Parker, Rory R. Penman, Geoff J. Pert, Chris Pietraszewski, Andrew Randewich, Nadeem H. Rizvi, Nigel Seddon, MBE, Zheng-Ming Sheng, David Slater, Roland A. Smith, Christopher Spindloe, Roy Taylor, Gary Thomas, John W. G. Tisch, Justin S. Wark, Colin Webb, S. Mark Wiggins, Dave Willford, Trevor Winstone
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- Journal:
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 9 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 April 2021, e18
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The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T. H. Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories, USA. Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials, operating at different wavelengths. In the UK, academia, industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications. This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology, the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.
Petrology and Origin of Stratified Scree in New Zealand
- Stuart A. Harris
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- Journal:
- Quaternary Research / Volume 5 / Issue 2 / June 1975
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 199-214
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Stratified scree in the Porters Pass area of the South Island New Zealand consists of up to 30 m of alternating bands of angular gravel and gravelly silt. The gravel consists of frost-shattered bedrock, while the silt appears to have originated from weathered till that entered the area as loess. Every 10 m of stratified scree actually contains at least 5 m of loess. Glaciers left oversteepened slopes on which screes subsequently formed, probably during later nearby glacial advances. The more gently sloping land may have been covered in vegetation as dense as today, but every l0-118 yr, widespread destruction of the vegetation resulted in a marked period of loess deposition. Thus the stratified scree of Soons (1962) has a different origin to that postulated for the grezes litées of European workers.
The Direct Measurement of Ionic Piezoresistance
- Stuart N. Cook, Harry L. Tuller
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1730 / 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 March 2015, mrsf14-1730-n10-05
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- 2015
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Ionic piezoresistance, the effect of lattice strain on ionic conductivity, is an important concept that needs to be harnessed to engineer the next generation of fast ionic conductors. To date there have been many reports of strain affecting changes in the level of ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes. The fundamental understanding is, however, still lacking, with limited experimental quantification of the magnitude of the effect. Here, we propose using the ionic piezoresistive coefficient, the constant of proportionality between the strain state and the change in conductivity, as a quantitative measure of this effect and detail a novel technique we have developed to quantify this in high temperature ionically conducting materials.
The Evolving Landscape of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Recent Advances in Prevention and a Road Map for Research
- Nasia Safdar, Deverick J. Anderson, Barbara I. Braun, Philip Carling, Stuart Cohen, Curtis Donskey, Marci Drees, Anthony Harris, David K. Henderson, Susan S. Huang, Manisha Juthani-Mehta, Ebbing Lautenbach, Darren R. Linkin, Jennifer Meddings, Loren G. Miller, Aaron Milstone, Daniel Morgan, Sharmila Sengupta, Meera Varman, Deborah Yokoe, Danielle M. Zerr, on behalf of the Research Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 35 / Issue 5 / May 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2016, pp. 480-493
- Print publication:
- May 2014
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This white paper identifies knowledge gaps and new challenges in healthcare epidemiology research, assesses the progress made toward addressing research priorities, provides the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Committee's recommendations for high-priority research topics, and proposes a road map for making progress toward these goals. It updates the 2010 SHEA Research Committee document, “Charting the Course for the Future of Science in Healthcare Epidemiology: Results of a Survey of the Membership of SHEA,” which called for a national approach to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and a prioritized research agenda. This paper highlights recent studies that have advanced our understanding of HAIs, the establishment of the SHEA Research Network as a collaborative infrastructure to address research questions, prevention initiatives at state and national levels, changes in reporting and payment requirements, and new patterns in antimicrobial resistance.
Contributors
- Edited by Julia Eckert, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Brian Donahoe, Christian Strümpell, Universität Heidelberg, Zerrin Özlem Biner, University of Cambridge
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- Book:
- Law against the State
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 24 May 2012, pp ix-xiii
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Fabrication of Prototype Magnetic Coupled Spin-torque Devices for Non-volatile Logic Applications
- Larkhoon Leem, James S. Harris, Charles Rettner, Brian Hughes, Xin Jiang, See-hun Yang, Stuart Parkin
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1250 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 1250-G03-01
- Print publication:
- 2010
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A Magnetic Coupled Spin-torque Device (MCSTD) is a collective system of three interacting magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) that forms a novel magnetic logic gate. The fundamental principle of the MCSTD is the modification of the energy barrier for spin-torque magnetization switching of a central (output) MTJ device arising from changes in the magnetic state of two input MTJ devices. The input MTJs are placed in close proximity of a few tens of nm of the output MTJ such that their magnetic fringing fields are strong enough (> 10 Oersted) to modulate the switching characteristics of the output device. By changing the magnetic states of the two input MTJs four possible net magnetic fields at the center MTJ can be generated. A single MCSTD thereby enables NAND, NOR and XOR operations. In this paper, the fabrication of a prototype MCSTD device is described and preliminary experiment results are reported.
Contributors
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- By Ashok Agarwal, Joseph P Alukal, Deborah J Anderson, Linda D Applegarth, Saleh Binsaleh, Elizabeth M Bloom, Karen E Boyle, Nancy L Brackett, Robert E Brannigan, James V Bruckner, Victor M Brugh, Ettore Caroppo, Grace M Centola, Aleksander Chudnovsky, Susan L Crockin, Fnu Deepinder, David M. Fenig, Aaron B Grotas, Matthew P. Hardy, Wayne J. G. Hellstrom, Stanton C Honig, Stuart S Howards, Keith Jarvi, Rajasingam S Jeyendran, William E Kaplan, Edward Karpman, Sanjay S Kasturi, Mohit Khera, Nancy A Klein, Dolores J Lamb, Jane M Lewis, Larry I Lipshultz, Kirk C Lo, Charles M Lynne, R. Dale McClure, Antoine A Makhlouf, Myles Margolis, Clara I. Marín-Briggiler, Randall B Meacham, Jesse N Mills, John P Mulhall, Alexander Müller, Christine Mullin, Harris M Nagler, Craig S Niederberger, Robert D Oates, Dana A Ohl, E. Charles Osterberg, Rodrigo L Pagani, Vassilios Papadopoulos, Joseph A Politch, Gail S Prins, Angela A Reese, Susan A Rothmann, Edmund S Sabanegh, Denny Sakkas, Jay I Sandlow, Richard A Schoor, Paulo C Serafini, Mark Sigman, Suresh C Sikka, Rebecca Z Sokol, Jens Sønksen, Miguel Srougi, James Stelling, Justin Tannir, Anthony J Thomas, Paul J Turek, Terry T Turner, Mónica H. Vazquez-Levin, Moshe Wald, Thomas J Walsh, Thomas M Wheeler, Daniel H Williams, Armand Zini, Barry R Zirkin
- Edited by Larry I. Lipshultz, Stuart S. Howards, University of Virginia, Craig S. Niederberger, University of Illinois, Chicago
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- Infertility in the Male
- Published online:
- 19 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 24 September 2009, pp vii-x
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5 - Regional Energy Security: A Challenging Objective?
- from Part II - Energy Security
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- By Stuart Harris, The Australian National University, Canberra
- Edited by William T. Tow, Kin Wah Chin
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- Book:
- ASEAN-India-Australia
- Published by:
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
- Published online:
- 21 October 2015
- Print publication:
- 17 September 2009, pp 79-94
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Summary
The consequences of sustained and rapid economic changes in Asia (particularly China and India) for international trade, labour, and financial markets have been recognized for some years. Recognition of their current and prospective effects on commodity markets has evolved more slowly, but those impacts are now seen as substantial. Energy is at the forefront of this attention, in part because cyclical and structural changes have contributed to the considerable uncertainties in energy markets, to which the 2008 financial crisis added substantially.
This chapter asks: How do uncertainties in the international energy market affect Asia? It is apparent that the way we perceived energy security in the past has changed. It now needs to be seen as a more serious global issue. As the chief economist of the International Energy Agency (IEA), Fatih Birol, has argued, “Rising global energy demand poses a real and growing threat to the world's energy security.”
In the short term, the financial and related economic fallout has affected energy markets. We are concerned here, however, primarily with the medium to long term in which energy market uncertainties revolve around future energy (notably oil) supply and demand, including potential oil supply adequacy, the sensitivity of oil demand to increasing prices, enhanced investment uncertainty, the changed role of the international oil companies, the increased importance of national oil companies, the role of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the impact of speculation, and the changing value of the American dollar. To these uncertainties are added environmental issues, notably climate change, and increasing overlaps with food supply and prices.
Even before these uncertainties emerged as significant factors, access to energy supplies had become a matter of high policy concern in most countries in Asia. Along with energy security concerns, predominantly about the physical accessibility to future energy supplies, have been more immediate regional concerns about rising prices and their impact on lower income sectors of national populations. Moreover, given the environmental and budgetary benefits of following market prices for oil, but also given the adverse inflationary and economic stability impacts of such policies and the effects on poverty and food production, countries now face difficult choices in managing the various policy options, even if that management has only a marginal influence on supply conditions. These interrelationships are especially important to Asian countries.
The relationship between influenza and pneumonia
- C. H. Stuart-Harris, Joan Laird, D. A. Tyrrell, Margaret H. Kelsall, Zena C. Franks, Margaret Pownall
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- Journal:
- Journal of Hygiene / Volume 47 / Issue 4 / December 1949
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 434-448
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1.The results are reported of a study cases of pneumonia, of upper respiratory indection and of family contacts of cases of pneumoia for evidence of influenza-virus infection between October 1947 and April 1949.
2. During an inter-epidemic period in relation to influenza, two sporadic cases of influenza-virus A infection were detected, one in a case of pneumo-coccal pneumonia and the other in a family contact of a case of pneumonia. These were the only instances of virus infection detected amoung 158 individuals including seventy-eight cases of pneumonia.
3. The epidemic of influenza from February to April 1949 was associated with an increase in number of notified cases of pneumonia, particularly in those over 45 years of age compared with the notifications in 1948. Deaths from pneumonia also increased, particularly in those of 65years or over.
4. During the period of influenza prevalence, direct tests of specimens in eggs and serological tests gave positive evidence of influenza prevalence, direct tests of specimens in eggs and serological tests gave positve evidence of influenza virus A infection in many instances. Twenty-six of forty-one cases of upper respiratory infection between February and April 1949 were positive for influenza A and one was a case of influenza B.
5. Eifgteen of fifty-five cases of pneumococcal and staphyococcal pneumoniaccal and staphylococcal pneumonia, eight of fifteen cases of bronchitis, one of two cases of bronchiectasis and four of six cases of congestive heart failure gave serological or cultural evidence of influenza virus A infection during the period of February to April 1949.
6. The mechanism of influenza-virus infection in relation to bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract is discussed.
The production of neutralizing activity in serum and nasal secretion following immunization with influenza B virus
- Jean C. Downie, C. H. Stuart-Harris
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- Journal:
- Journal of Hygiene / Volume 68 / Issue 2 / June 1970
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 233-244
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Trials were made in volunteers in 1967 and 1968 of various virus vaccines against influenza virus B. Sera and serially collected nasal washings before and after immunization were tested respectively for haemagglutination-inhibiting and tissue culture virus-neutralizing antibodies to the same strain of influenza B/Eng/65 virus as that used in the vaccines. Infection, as determined by recovery of virus and serological changes following intranasal instillation of attenuated live virus, was accompanied by the subsequent appearance of neutralizing antibodies in nasal secretion. Inactivated vaccine subcutaneously did not evoke nasal antibody formation in 1967 but did so in 1968.
In 1968 intranasal challenge of the volunteers with the attenuated virus 1 month after immunization demonstrated a correlation of susceptibility or resistance to infection with nasal and serum antibodies. Resistance appeared to depend either on a high level of serum antibodies or nasal antibodies, or both.
Serological studies during the 1953 epidemic of influenza A in New York State
- C. H. Stuart-Harris, Gladys M. Gnesh, Irving Gordon
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- Journal:
- Journal of Hygiene / Volume 52 / Issue 2 / June 1954
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 211-224
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A number of workers have shown that antibodies to the influenza A viruses which are demonstrable in the sera of normal adults undergo periodic fluctuations in titre related to epidemic occurrence of the disease. The rise in antibodies accompanying infection and demonstrable by neutralization, agglutination-inhibition and complement-fixation tests is used as a method of diagnosis which is admitted to be of greater sensitivity than actual recovery of virus from the throat. Studies of the population during an epidemic have also revealed the existence of subclinical infection with rise in antibodies comparable to that occurring in those suffering clinical illnesses. But surveys of sera from large samples of the population show no general upward shift in antibody levels unless an actual epidemic occurs (Martin, 1940). The studies made by Francis, Magill, Rickard & Beck (1937), Hoyle & Fairbrother (1937), Rickard, Lennette & Horsfall (1940) and Martin (1940) also indicate the relative impermanence of the enhanced antibody levels consequent upon an epidemic. A relatively rapid decrease in antibody is shown both by the neutralization and complement-fixation tests during the 3–6 months after an epidemic and then a slower fall occurs until the next epidemic again causes a rise in titres. There have, however, been relatively few studies on large samples of populations situated in different geographical areas before and during an outbreak.
Observations on the Carriage of Pneumococci by Patients with Chronic Bronchitis, and their Families
- Marjorie Clifton, Margaret Pownall, C. H. Stuart-Harris, Rhinedd Hammond, Christine Allott
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- Journal:
- Journal of Hygiene / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / June 1955
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 225-233
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Previous workers (Stuart-Harris, Pownall, Scothorne & Franks, 1953; May, 1953)have reported studies on the bacterial flora of the sputum in cases of chronic bronchitis. Both pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae have been reported frequently in the sputum but the source of these organisms, which might be either the patient's own upper respiratory tract or the environment, has not been traced.A long-term study of individuals with and without chronic bronchitis and of their families was therefore begun in an attempt to discern the role of exogenous infection in this disease. Observations were limited to the pneumococcus because serological identification of individual strains was readily possible in this species.
Serological epidemiological studies with influenza A viruses
- G. C. Schild, C. H. Stuart-Harris
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- Journal:
- Journal of Hygiene / Volume 63 / Issue 4 / December 1965
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 479-490
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Determinations were made of the age distribution of antibody to swine virus and representatives of the various families of human influenza A virus in 1961–62 collections of human sera and paired sera from forty individuals taken in 1952 and 1963:
(a) The existence of cohorts of the population, each with a dominant antibody type related to strains of virus first encountered in childhood, was confirmed.
(b) The basic epidemiological pattern was similar to that previously detected in 1954. However, it seemed that antibody to swine virus had been reinforced but not antibody to A and A1 strains.
(c) Neutralizing and HI antibodies to A/Equine/Miami/63 virus were detected only in the sera of older people (65 years or over) collected in 1964. No antibodies were found to A/Equine/Prague/56 or two duck viruses.
(d) Relatively constant levels of antibody to A, A1 and A 2 viruses were present in sera from aged persons but antibody to swine virus diminished with age. This could be attributed to a lack of swine antibody in the older females.
A new surface-antigen-adsorbed influenza virus vaccine II. Studies in a volunteer group
- C. W. Potter, R. Jennings, C. McLaren, Dorothy Edey, C. H. Stuart-Harris, Margaret Brady
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- Journal:
- Journal of Hygiene / Volume 75 / Issue 3 / December 1975
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 353-362
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A group of 23 volunteers were each inoculated with 600 CCA of a new form of influenza virus A/England/42/72 vaccine; this vaccine consisted of purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens adsorbed to alhydrogel. No significant reactions to the vaccine were reported. Twenty-two volunteers produced increased titres of serum HI antibody, and all showed increased titres of NI antibody after immunization. Thus, for volunteers with no pre-immunization serum HI antibody, the geometric mean titre of serum antibody increased from 1/5 to 1/196 after immunization. Ten volunteers developed local neutralizing antibody after immunization; this antibody response was detected most frequently in volunteers who showed the greater serum antibody response to immunization, and in nasal washings with the higher concentrations of protein and IgA. Ten weeks after immunization, the vaccinees and a group of matched controls were inoculated intranasally with attenuated A/England/42/72 virus. Evidence of infection with the challenge virus was found in 14 of the control subjects and in one of the vaccinees. The results indicate that the surface-antigen-adsorbed vaccine induced high titres of serum antibody, and gave significant protection against challenge infection.
Mapping and exploring the distribution of the Vulnerable grey-winged cotinga Tijuca condita
- Maria Alice S. Alves, Stuart L. Pimm, Alline Storni, Marcos A. Raposo, M. de L. Brooke, Grant Harris, Andy Foster, Clinton N. Jenkins
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The grey-winged cotinga Tijuca condita was first described in 1980 from an old specimen, misidentified as a congener. Field observations came later, from two remote, high-elevation forests in the mountains of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both involved only a few pairs of birds at best, making this species one of the least known in the world. Accurately defining the locations this species inhabits is an obvious prerequisite for designing conservation strategies to protect it. Using remotely sensed data on elevation and forest cover we mapped this species’ habitat and predicted six more sites where it may occur. Field surveys confirmed two of them, doubling the known range of the species. The two easternmost predicted sites did not contain the species but these areas have less annual rainfall than other sites, which may explain the absences. This research serves as an important guide to conservation actions, for it uncovered biologically important areas for this species that had been previously overlooked. It has also measured the remaining habitat of the species so that any future losses can be detected.
Rules of habitat use by elephants Loxodonta africana in southern Africa: insights for regional management
- Grant M. Harris, Gareth J. Russell, Rudi I. van Aarde, Stuart L. Pimm
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Managers in southern Africa are concerned that continually increasing elephant populations will degrade ecosystems. Culling, translocation and birth control are flawed solutions. An alternative is providing elephants more space but this hinges on identifying landscape preferences. We examined two diverse ecosystems and uncovered similarities in elephant habitat use, expressing these as ‘rules’. We considered arid Etosha National Park, (Namibia) and the tropical woodlands of Tembe Elephant Park (South Africa) and Maputo Elephant Reserve (Mozambique). Landscape data consisted of vegetation types, distances from water and settlements. To surmount issues of scale and availability we incorporated elephant movements as a function that declined as distance from an elephant's location increased. This presumes that elephants optimize trade-offs between benefiting from high-quality resources and costs to find them. Under a likelihood-based approach we determined the important variables and shapes of their relationships to evaluate and compare models separated by gender, season and location. After considering elephants' preferences for areas nearby, habitat use usually increased with proximity to water in all locations. Elephants sought places with high proportions of vegetation, especially when neighbouring areas had low vegetative cover. Lastly, elephants avoided human settlements (when present), and cows more so than bulls. In caricature, elephants preferred to move little, drink easily, eat well, and avoid people. If one makes more areas available, elephants will probably favour areas near water with high vegetative cover (of many different types) and away from people. Managers can oblige elephants’ preferences by supplying them. If so, they should anticipate higher impacts to neighbouring vegetation.
Value of an Infection Control Practitioner in Improving Infection Control Practices at Ambulatory Sites
- Melanie Zimmerman, Stacy Pur, Barbara Schmitt, Stuart Levin, Alan A. Harris, John Segreti
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 25 / Issue 4 / April 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 348-350
- Print publication:
- April 2004
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Little information exists on the state of infection control (IC) practices in ambulatory sites. In preparation for a JCAHO survey, 62 ambulatory sites were visited to monitor and improve IC practices. A dedicated IC practitioner was instrumental in improving practices at ambulatory sites and in successfully completing a JCAHO survey.